板材发霉原因分析
板材霉变主要受以下几个因素影响:
菌源:霉菌无处不在,空气、灰尘、泥土、大自然植物、木材、包装材料
等人的皮屑、汗液等代谢物中都有;
水分:海关验收标准为12%,也就是说板材的湿度高于12%就有发霉的风险,
超过14%的湿度发霉风险就会变得很高,经测试施工现场的板材,其湿度达到20-23%,因为施工现场靠近海边,周围空气潮,湿度比较大,施工现场很难将板材湿度控制在14%以下;
营养物质:各种木材真菌所需的最适宜的营养成分是不同的,但是所有真菌都能从木材中得到它们所需的营养物质。木材中的碳水化合物以及夹板、中纤板等使用的胶水含有淀粉和单糖是霉菌生长所需要的主要能量,木材本身含有的木纤维都是霉菌喜欢的食物;
空气:大多数真菌必须在有氧气的状况下才能生长。所以如我们常吃的食品面包、无穷鸡翅等外面用铝膜袋真空包装来阻隔空气,使其不会出现霉变现象。板材是一种材料,还不是成品,因为面积比较大,又要在施工现场进行切割造型等,没有办法去像食品那样去真空包装,板材接触到空气,空气中含有氧气,霉菌所需的氧气量很少,当空气中的氧气含量达到1%时,真菌就能生长,因此,用隔氧的办法来控制板材发霉是更不现实的;
温度:微生物在一定的温度范围内才能生长,其真菌生长最适宜的温度为25~35°C,如采用两种高低温极端法,将板材存放于低于-15C以下、或高于40 C以上,其真菌生长的速度都会明显放慢。
板材发霉解决方案
针对已经发霉的板材,用毛刷沾上我司的iHeir-Clean防霉清洁剂针对已经发霉的部位,进行杀菌处理,彻底清洁掉霉菌的菌灰、菌尸、菌斑,在自然的环境下晾干15分钟左右;
然后用毛刷沾上我司的iHeir-PT竹木防霉抗菌剂,对整个板材进行涂刷一遍,自然晾干;
条件允许的情况下,建议在板材表面做一层油漆,在油漆里面添加1-2%
的iHeir-YQ油漆专用防霉抗菌剂,抑止霉菌、细菌等微生物的生长,可以达到长期的防板材工厂防霉解决方案
密度板、中纤板、木材应该控制湿度,建议将木材的湿度控制在12%以下,产品表面未做油漆处理的,需在产品表面上用毛刷刷上一层竹木防霉抗菌剂iHeir-PT,木材表面有做油漆,在油漆里面添加1-2%的iHeir-YQ油漆专用防霉抗菌剂,抑止霉菌、细菌等微生物的生长。
密度板、夹板使用的胶水、特别是环保胶水和环保水性涂料,在使用前必须在胶水、涂料里面添加1~2%的胶水专用防霉抗菌剂iHeir-JS,以免为细菌提供了营养源,引起微生物的繁殖。
密度板、夹板等半成品、成品不要直接堆在地板上,应使用栈板隔开,且离墙体>10CM。
材料仓、成品仓应每月进行一次杀菌处理,首先保持地面的清洁卫生,材料仓、成品仓开始头三个月每月一次,三个月后每三个月一次进行杀菌处理,用iHeir-Spray杀菌剂5%加到地拖水中拖地一次(注:梅雨季节应每月一次)。
材料仓、成品仓库因注意通风,当室外的湿度大于室内湿度,关闭门窗,反之打开门窗,记录湿度、温度变化,如果潮湿季节室内相对湿度≥80%。应安装抽湿设备或加放仓库专用杀菌包,以降低产品受潮霉变的风险。
墙面发霉
墙壁出现掉皮发霉的现象,这是什么原因呢?墙面发霉的原因有很多种,霉菌不仅影响美观,墙壁发霉对人体健康会造成很大的危害,墙体霉菌孢子在适合的环境下很容易滋生与漫延。
墙面发霉是什么原因?
结构原因:楼房均为框架结构,墙体采用填充墙,墙与梁柱结合处易产生裂缝,是保温、防水的薄弱处,夏季渗水,冬季透寒。
施工原因:外墙砖镶贴不实,砖缝填充不饱满或是采用弥缝;外填充墙砌抹沙浆不饱满,有沙眼、缝隙,形成冷(热)桥;墙与梁柱结合处填充不密实,产生裂缝;门窗安装时发泡填充不密实有缝隙。
环境原因:南方夏季多雨,空气湿度大。沿海地区空气潮湿。北方地区冬季气候寒冷。墙体凉、室内温度高,易产生结露。外墙体本身的保温没有做好,造成墙体透寒,导致墙体冰冷,室内水蒸气就会在墙体上结晶成水滴,墙体潮湿了就会发霉长毛。
居住原因:在房屋使用过程中,不注意通风,居室内空气流通不佳,导致室内湿度过大,潮湿的墙体极易粘附室内空气中含营养成分的漂浮物,生成霉菌;室内空气中含营养成分的漂浮物贴挂到墙上,易产生霉菌。
窗台、窗边、水池周围等,是一种可见性生物菌群,最常见的两种霉菌葡萄穗霉和黑曲霉呈现黑色和绿色,目前又有少量的褐色变种出现。
墙体霉菌是建筑、防水、清洗服务行业多年以来始终没有得到彻底解决的一大难题,墙体霉菌在室内和室外均能生长,孢子粉随空气流动,遇有相应潮湿、温暖的环境就会粘附物体表面并迅速繁殖蔓延,它不但破坏居室美观,更重要的是直接危害着人们的身心健康和居室的生活环境。
墙体霉斑严重危害:
长期接触和吸入霉菌,可引发呼吸道疾病和过敏症状等,例如支气管炎、扁桃体炎、花粉热、哮喘病等;免疫力低的人还可能因此引起头疼、发烧、皮肤或黏膜发炎等。
根据卫生与医学研究所证实:研究人员对 1100名成年哮喘患者进行研究后发现,对霉菌过敏的患者要比对其他物质过敏的患者高5倍,且霉菌还可隐藏大量肝炎病毒及流感病毒等。医学权威专家提醒: “要经常注意居室的除霉”。前不久,报纸一篇纪实报道《墙上生霉菌,全家人中毒,七龄童睡梦中窒息昏迷》(百度搜索可见)引起人们对墙体霉菌的充分重视。
墙壁发霉处理方法:
①.当墙壁发霉情况不严重的话,可以用湿布擦除或水洗,若是无法完全清除的话也可以采用iHeir-cleaner墙壁杀菌清洗剂清洗,这样便可以去除霉斑。
②.当你无法用清水搽干净墙壁霉斑的话,那最好把墙壁上的霉斑刮除,之后重新刷一遍,在刷的防水涂料或者乳胶漆里面按照1-3%添加iHeir-TQ涂料防霉剂,iHeir-TQ涂料防霉剂是一种水溶性的防霉杀菌剂,广谱的杀菌特点,对霉菌、真菌、藻类等微生物有很强的杀灭作用。iHeir-TQ涂料防霉剂可广泛应用于水性水溶性涂料、水稀释性涂料、水分散性涂料(乳胶涂料)。在实际应用中,iHeir-TQ涂料防霉剂不会改变涂料的物理特性,与涂料的相容性好,可有效保证添加了iHeir-TQ涂料防霉剂的涂料在潮湿环境下不会出现因微生物繁殖引起的发黄、霉斑以及皲裂,使涂料表面鲜亮如初。那至于刷漆的方法就不用介绍了吧!
③.建议在墙面刷一层防水涂料、乳胶漆等,只要在防水涂料、乳胶漆里面添加了iHeir-TQ涂料防霉剂,墙壁5-10年均不会出现霉变现象,这样可以做到一劳永逸,那以后也就不用担心这个问题了哦!
④.艾浩尔防霉专家最后提醒:为了防止墙壁发霉最好还是建议要经常通风室内保持干净整洁的环境,那这样室内墙壁便不会发生霉变,那也不用再为它而烦恼了。
如有其它疑问,我司可提供技术支持与专业指导,也可派专人上门现场指导。
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